Sorting

• Introduction to Sorting
• Basics of Asymptotic Analysis and Worst Case & Average Case Analysis
• Different Sorting Algorithms and their comparison
• Algorithm paradigms like Divide & Conquer, Decrease & Conquer, Transform & Conquer
• Presorting
• Extensions of Merge Sort, Quick Sort, Heap Sort
• Common sorting-related coding interview problems

Recursion

• Recursion as a Lazy Manager's Strategy
• Recursive Mathematical Functions
• Combinatorial Enumeration
• Backtracking
• Exhaustive Enumeration & General Template
• Common recursion- and backtracking-related coding interview problems

Trees

• Dictionaries & Sets, Hash Tables 
• Modeling data as Binary Trees and Binary Search Tree and performing different operations over them
• Tree Traversals and Constructions 
• BFS Coding Patterns
• DFS Coding Patterns
• Tree Construction from its traversals 
• Common trees-related coding interview problems

Graphs

• Overview of Graphs
• Problem definition of the 7 Bridges of Konigsberg and its connection with Graph theory
• What is a graph, and when do you model a problem as a Graph?
• How to store a Graph in memory (Adjacency Lists, Adjacency Matrices, Adjacency Maps)
• Graphs traversal: BFS and DFS, BFS Tree, DFS stack-based implementation
• A general template to solve any problems modeled as Graphs
• Graphs in Interviews
• Common graphs-related coding interview problems

Online Processing Systems

• The client-server model of Online processing
• Top-down steps for system design interview
• Depth and breadth analysis
• Cryptographic hash function
• Network Protocols, Web Server, Hash Index
• Scaling
• Performance Metrics of a Scalable System
• SLOs and SLAs
• Proxy: Reverse and Forward
• Load balancing
• CAP Theorem
• Content Distribution Networks
• Cache
• Sharding
• Consistent Hashing
• Storage
• Case Studies: URL Shortener, Instagram, Uber, Twitter, Messaging/Chat Services

Batch Processing Systems

• Inverted Index
• External Sort Merge
• K-way External Sort-Merge
• Distributed File System
• Map-reduce Framework
• Distributed Sorting
• Case Studies: Search Engine, Graph Processor, Typeahead Suggestions, Recommendation Systems

Databases

• Frequently asked interview questions on databases for various use cases; social media platform - search, user connections, user feeds, ads, payments; how to handle peak hours?
• Design an e-commerce data warehouse to efficiently compute, store and retrieve live metrics at various frequencies
• Design a database solution for a web crawler that scrapes the product and pricing information from a competitor’s e-commerce website
• Design a schema for Apple Music
• Deep dive into database internals (transactions, indexes, and performance)
• Explore Cloud Database Monitoring Tools: Monitoring database health and performance, scale performance via sharding
• Comprehensive coverage of clarifying questions to ask while doing the requirement analysis and scope fencing during the design phase of a database

API Design and Implementation

• Design an API for an image-sharing application: Outline which response codes you would use for certain situations on each endpoint
• How to identify which user is accessing our API? Different ways of identifying a user from an API OAuth, Passwordless authentication, Multi-factor authentication
• How to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks or session replays or cookie stealing/replays?
• Encryption: How much is too much? Enforcing HTTPs
• Design an API for Kick News, a discussion forum like Reddit or Hacker News - architecting, documenting, and testing REST APIs
• Case study on moderation tools - When to use each authentication method and types of authorization
• Call multiple endpoints and join the data on the client-side or implement infinite scrolling using GraphQL
• Implement KickChat, a live chat feature - reacting to server events with polling and webhooks
• How to test an API for security threats? Understanding the threats and then working on steps to prevent security threats: XSS, CSRF, SQL injection, input sanitization

Cloud Infrastructure

• Evaluating cloud-native solutions for cost optimization; Economics of cloud and serverless computing
• Fundamental questions on Key/Value datastores vs. RDBMS
• Design a video transcoding service using a hybrid cloud architecture
• Common problems in cloud-native/serverless systems and how to mitigate them? - Issues with database connections, scaling, and the hug of death
• Interesting follow-up questions on system monitoring and alerts
• How to fix a broken Lambda function?
• Best practices and principles to be followed to meet the FAANG+ bar - DevOps, Infrastructure as Code

JavaScript and Web Development

• Application logic using function expression or in-line expression
• Popular FAANG+ interview question on re-writing the promise chain as async/await style code
• How would you indicate that a piece of JavaScript code should only be used for a particular type of variable?
• Using TypeScript to reduce code ambiguity, and in combination with other frameworks
• Make critical design decisions. Manage external dependencies using yarn or an external package

• How information may be passed down to child components using ‘props’
• Approaches towards dynamically updating web pages - a popular interview skill 
• Questions on using iFrames and web components to incorporate external content
• Incorporating good authorization and security policies for users
• Demo of an OAuth integration, using the Google Drive API

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